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The HTML Elements (a - b)

Contents

`<a> anchor`

An anchor marks the beginning and/or end of a hypertext link. It is used to link to other pages or sites, other sections within the same webpage or any other file, such as a sound file, zip archive, etc.

name=text
This allows the anchor to be the destination of a link. This means you can direct a link elsewhere to a specific part of a document.


<a name="bgsound">Background Sound</a>

href
Use this to tell the browser where you wish a link to lead. This can be used for links to elsewhere in the document (as defined using the name attribute), to remote locations, or to a destination within a remote document. The live area will be any text and images located between the tags.
This link takes you to the <a TARGET="_top" href="http://www.ctcc.gov.za/ccchome.html">Cape Town <img src="graphics/cape_sm.jpg"></a> home page. The border around the graphic indicates that it is a live link. Check out this document's section on <a href="#bgsound">Background Sound.</a> This link takes you to the <a href="http://www.woodhill.co.uk/setup/sterolab/sterolab.htm#facts">Facts</a> section of my Stereolab page. 
<a href="sounds/blakmeat.wav">"I think that you boys..."</a> [Sound file 63K]
This link takes you to the Cape Town home page. The border around the graphic indicates that it is a live link.
Check out this document's section on Background sound.
This link takes you to the Facts section of my Stereolab page.
"I think that you boys..." [Sound file 63K]
href with mailto:user@domain.com
You can also use the href attribute to allow the reader to mail you. You can specify multiple recipients by separating using commas (,) to separate addresses. Netscape lets you specify the subject line by including the ?subject= syntax, as shown in the first example. NCSA Mosaic achieves this by use of the title attribute, as in the second example. As well as mailto: other variations may be used, including gopher:// and ftp://.
Mail me at <a href="mailto:rrutter@woodhill.co.uk?subject=Sizzling HTML Jalfrezi is groovy">rrutter@woodhill.co.uk</a>. Mail me at <a href="mailto:rrutter@woodhill.co.uk" title="Sizzling HTML Jalfrezi is groovy">rrutter@woodhill.co.uk</a>.
Mail me at rrutter@woodhill.co.uk.
Mail me at rrutter@woodhill.co.uk.
title="text"
The title attribute is used to provide a title for a link. This could be useful for graphics, plain text, FTP and Gopher links which do not have titles. NSCA Mosaic also uses the title attribute with the mailto: attribute.
Cape Town is towered over by <A HREF="graphics/cape_sm.jpg" TITLE="Cape Town and Table Mountain">Table Mountain</A>.
Cape Town is towered over by Table Mountain.
target=frame_name | window_name
This allows the destination of a link to be loaded into a pre-defined frame or window. If there is no frame with the specifed name then the link will be loaded into a new window with that name. Currently only supported by Netscape and MS Internet Explorer.
<a target="contents">
rel=text1,text2
Only used with the href attribute. This allows you to specify the relationship(s) of the link to the current page as defined by a comma separated list.
<a rel="next">
rev=text1,text2
This is the same as the rel attribute but describes the link in the reverse direction.
<a rel="previous">

`<address>`

A logical style used when providing address information, often at the top or bottom of the document.


<address>

University of Bath<br>

Claverton Down<br>

Bath<br>

UK<br>

</address>

University of Bath
Claverton Down
Bath
UK

`<applet ...>`

Used to load a Java applet. Unfortunately Java is beyond the scope of this Guide.

`<area> image map area`

Used in an image map definition to specify a live area. Must be used within the <map> tags. An arbitrary number of <area> tags may be specified. If two areas intersect, the one which appears first in the map definition takes precedence in the overlapping region. For more information, see the section dedicated to Image maps.

shape="rect | circle | poly | default"
Defines the shape of the live area as a rectangle, circle, polygon or the remaining undefined image. All but the latter require the coords attribute.
coords="x1,y1,x2,y2 | x,y,r | x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3..."
Defines the precise position of the live area using coordinates in pixels separated by commas. A rectangle is described by coordinates of the top-left and bottom-right corners of the rectangle. A circular area is described by coordinates of its centre followed by its radius. A polygon is defined by coordinates of all the corners of the polygon. The coords attribute is required for the shape attribute, except when it is set to default.
href="URL"
Used to specify the link destination for the live area.
nohref
Used to specify an area as not live.
target=frame_name | window_name
This allows the destination of a link to be loaded into a pre-defined frame or window. If there is no frame with the specifed name then the link will be loaded into a new window with that name.
<area shape="rect" coords="2,3,86,30" TARGET="_top" href="http://www.yahoo.com/"> <area shape="circle" coords="160,15,16" TARGET="_top" href="http://www.netscape/"> <area shape="polygon" coords="273,0,252,3,245,11" target="contents" TARGET="_top" href="http://www.woodhill.co.uk/setup/welcome.htm"> <area shape="default" nohref>

` bold`

A physical style for displaying text in a bold font. See also .


Cars are <b>not</b> toys. They are 1 ton killing machines.

not

`<base>`

Provides a base URL or target window for the document.

href=URL
Provides a base URL (address) for the document so that it may be viewed out of context. Note that you must include the full URL and the filename of the document that the tag is in.
target=window_name
Provides a base target window for the document. It is used when you want all (or most) of the links in a document to be targetted to the same window. The target establishes a default window_name to which all links in the document will be targetted. This default is overridden by specific instances of the target attribute in individual anchor tags.

<base href="http://www.provider.com/user/document.htm" target="contents">

`<basefont>`

Netscape Navigator 3 and Microsoft Explorer 3 only. Used to set a default font size, colour and/or font face. Can be overridden by the  element.

color=#hexvalue|colourname
Used to change text colour (only in Netscape 2 and MS Internet Explorer). Colours can be described in hexidecimal or by name.
face=fontname1,fontname2,...
MS Internet Explorer and Netscape3 only. Used to specify text font from a list of font faces. The list of font faces provides the browser with a choice in order of preference, depending on which fonts are installed on the user's system.
size=value
Used to set the base font size. Valid from 1 to 7. The example shows how the same increment in font size will give a different size if the base font differs. Works with Netscape Navigator 2.

<basefont color="purple" size=2> Tottenham Hotspur <basefont face="Gill Sans,Lucida Sans,Arial" size=4> Chelsea
Tottenham Hotspur Chelsea

`<bgsound> background sound`

Supported by MS Internet Explorer and NCSA Mosaic, this element will automatically play a sound file on entering a document. For a more widely supported (but messier) method, see Special Procedures. To play background sound with Netscape 3, you must use the <embed> element.

src="URL"
Specifies the address of a sound file to be played. Can be samples (.wav or .au format) or MIDI (.mid format). NB. Mosaic does not support MIDI files, but does support the related <sound> element.
loop="n | infinite"
Specifies how many times a sound file will play when activated. If n=-1, or if loop=infinite, it will play indefinitely.
<bgsound src="sounds/blakmeat.wav" loop="2"> see/hear example

`<big>`

A physical style for displaying text in a bigger font. Currently only supported by Netscape and MS Internet Explorer. With these browsers, the <big> can be used around the  and  tags to keep the sub/superscripted text at the same size as the default, as opposed to slightly smaller. See also .


What you really need is a <big>triple fried egg chilli chutney</big> sandwich.

triple fried egg chilli chutney

`<blink>`

Flashes text on and off.


Blinking flip: <blink>flip</blink>

flip

`<blockquote>`

Allows text quoted from another source to be rendered specially. Usually left and right indented. See also <cite>.


The best bit was when when Hamlet said,

<blockquote>

To be, or not to be.<br>

That is the question.<br>

</blockquote>

But then everyone knows that.

To be, or not to be.
That is the question.

`<body>`

The <body> element contains all the information which is part of the document, as opposed to information about the document, which should be in the <head>. The <body> tag should be placed directly after the closing head tag, </head>. The closing body tag, </body> should be placed as the pen-ultimate line of the document, directly before the </html> tag.


<html>

<head>

<title>A Shell Document</title>

</head>

<body>

The document in here

</body>

</html>

bgcolor=#hexcolour, text=#hexcolour, link=#hexcolour, vlink=#hexcolour, alink=#hexcolour
You can force a browser to display the text, links and background as specific colours. text controls the main body text, link controls unvisited links, vlink controls visited links and alink controls active links. All of these attributes are optional. The colours are described in hexidecimal.
This document should be displayed with a cream background, black text, blue unvisted links, red visited links and green active links. It was achieved as the following code:
<body bgcolor="#ffffd8" text="#000000" link="#0000ff" vlink="#ff0000" alink="#00a000">
background=URL
Instead of specifying a background colour, you can tile a background graphic by providing the URL for the graphic, which can be remote or local.
<body background="graphics/brick.jpg" text="#FFFFFF">
Link to example.
bgproperties=fixed
MS Internet Explorer only. When used with the background tag, this attribute forces the graphic to act as a watermark and not scroll with the page.
<body bgproperties="fixed" background="graphics/watermrk.jpg">
leftmargin=pixels, topmargin=pixels
MS Internet Explorer only. These attributes allow you to set a left and/or top margin, described in pixels. The example below would force the web page to start 50 pixels from the top and be indented from the left by 60 pixels.
Nesting list tags, such as <UL> also indents text. Using list elements without the list item tag, <LI> will therefore have a similar effect to leftmargin. This method works for both MSIE and Netscape.
<body topmargin="50" leftmargin="60">

` break`

Forces a line break - similar to a hard return on a word processor.


This text is on one line.<br>

This text is on the next line.

clear=left|right|all
Use this attribute when wrapping text around graphics to make the new line start below an in-line graphic. The line break will expand vertically down until a clear left or right margin, or until both margins are clear of images.
<img align=right src="graphics/cliff.gif"> This text is on one line. This text is on the line below the graphic.
This text is on one line.
This text is on the line below the graphic.