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The HTML Elements (l - m)

Contents

HTML Elements (i - k)

`<li> bullet`

See lists.

`<link>`

This element indicates a relationship between the document and some other object. A document may have any number of <link> elements. Typical uses are to indicate authorship, related indexes and glossaries, older or more recent versions, etc. The most common use is to point to a stylesheet for the page - the last example shows how to do this.

href="URL" Used to point to a related resource, such as a stylesheet or the author's e-mail address.
type="MIME type" Used to define the MIME type of the document referred to.
rel="text" Describes the relationship of the referenced file to the document.
rev="text" Describes the relationship of the document to the referenced file, ie. the reverse of rel.
<link rel="author" href="mailto:rrutter@woodhill.co.uk"> <link rel="previous" href="http://www.woodhill.co.uk/html/html2i.htm"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheet2.css" type="text/css">

`<listing>`

Similar to <pre> and <xmp>. Used to render blocks of text in a fixed-width font and so is suitable for text that has been formatted on screen. It should be rendered so that a limit of 132 characters will fit on a line.

I do not recommend the use of <listing> for formatting a few words at a time, as unpredictable results are occasionly produced. Use <code> or <tt> as an alternative.


<listing>

FOR x=1 TO 10

PRINT "The square of ";x;" is ";x^2

NEXT x

</listing>

FOR x=1 TO 10 PRINT "The square of ";x;" is ";x^2 NEXT x

`lists <ol>`, `<ul>`, `<li>`, `<dt>`, `<dd>`

There are many types of lists that can be created. For this reason, I have dedicated a separate page with full details of lists.

`<map> image map definition`

Used to create a client-side image map definition. Must be used with the name attribute and <area> tag. For more information, see the section dedicated to Image maps.

name="text"
Provides a unique name for the image map file, as referenced by the usemap attribute of the <img> tag displaying the image map.
<map name="definition1"> definition using the <area> tag </map>

`<marquee>`

MS Internet Explorer only. Used to create a scrolling text effect, similar to the Marquee Windows screen saver. Marquees can also be written using Java. Alternatively you can use animated GIFs to create a similar effect, using software such as the GIF Construction Set. Marquee takes many attributes similar to the <img> tag as well as some of its own specific ones. To apply the  element to text within a marquee, you must place the  tags outside of the <marquee> tags.

width=pixels | percent
Specifies the width of the marquee in either pixels or as a percentage of the screen width.
height=pixels | percent
Specifies the height of the marquee in either pixels or as a percentage of the screen height.
hspace=pixels
Specifies the space above and below the marquee in pixels.
vspace=pixels
Specifies the space to the left and right of the marquee in pixels.
align="top | middle | bottom"
Aligns the marquee to the top, middle or bottom of the text around it.
behaviour="scroll | slide | alternate"
This specifies how the text moves in the marquee. If behavior is set to scroll then the text starts hidden, scrolls on to the screen and off again before repeating. This is the default. Slide starts the hidden, scrolls it onto and across the screen, stopping it once it touches the other side. Alternate bounces the text back and forth within the marquee.
direction="left | right"
Specifies the direction in which the text scrolls. Setting direction to left scrolls the text from left to right, setting it to right scrolls the text from righ tto left.
loop=number | infinite
Sets the number of times that the text scrolls. The default is infinite.
scrollamount=pixels
Defines the number of pixels between each succesive re-draw of the text.
scrolldelay=millseconds
Defines the number of milliseconds between each succesive re-draw of the text.
bgcolor="#rrggbb | colorname"
Specifies the background colour of the marquee, using the conventional RGB hex triplet or MSIE colour names.
Wham! <marquee align="middle" width=50% behavior="alternate">Club Tropicana drinks are free</marquee> Fantastic! Fantastic! <marquee align="middle" width=50% behavior="scroll" direction="right" loop="6" bgcolor="white">Fun and sunshine there's enough for everyone</marquee> Wham! 
Wham! <marquee align="middle" width=50% scrollamount=10 scrolldelay=300>Fun and sunshine there's enough for everyone</marquee> Fantastic!
Wham! Club Tropicana drinks are free Fantastic!
Fantastic! Fun and sunshine there's enough for everyone Wham!
Wham! Fun and sunshine there's enough for everyone Fantastic!

`<menu> menu list`

Described on a separate page dedicated to lists.

`<meta>`

This command is used to embed document information not defined by other elements. Such information can be extracted by servers/clients for use in identifying, indexing and cataloguing specialised document meta-information. For most people's purposes, this has been superceded by the <title> element; although some search engines make use of the description and keywords types, and consequently they are well worth considering. You can also use <meta> tags to specifiy how your page should be cached. The PICS content rating system operated by RSAC (and employed by MS Internet Explorer) also makes use of <meta> tags.

There is one further useful and exciting side of <meta>. Using the http-equiv and content attributes, you can get an HTML page to automatically jump to another page or file after a specified time delay. This means if you wish to redirect users from an old page to a new one, you can do so automatically by adding the appropriate <meta> command. Similarly you can automatically load a sound file on entering a document.

The <meta> command must be placed in the <head> tags.

http-equiv="refresh"
Tells the browser to jump to the document or file specified in the content attribute.
content="number; url=URL"
Specifies the time delay in seconds and the address of the file to jump to.
<head> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="10; url=html2ii.htm#meta"> </head>
The above code is contained in an example page that will return you here after a 10 second wait. The Sound section of Special Procedures contains another example which automatically loads a sound file on entering a document.
http-equiv="pragma"
content="no-cache"

<head> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> </head>
The tells the browser not to cache the page. Note: some servers may ignore this command.
http-equiv="expires"
Tells the browser that the page has a limited life. Once the expiry date is reached the browser should reload the page. Note: some servers may ignore this command.
content="date"
Tells the browser the expiry date of the document. Setting a date that has already passed the browser should force the browser to load the latest version.
<head> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="Fri, 11 Apr 1997 17:46:01 GMT"> </head>
The tells the browser that the pages expires on 11 April 1997 at 17:46 and 1 second, Greenwich meantime.
name="description | keywords"
Tells the server whether the contents is a description or a list of keywords.
content="text | comma separated list"
Depending on the value of the name attribute, contents provides a description of the document or list of keywords separated by commas.
<meta Name="description" Content="All the HTML elements, attributes and extensions. Teach yourself with clear explanations and examples for every single command."> <meta Name="keywords" Content="HTML commands, writing web pages, extensions, attributes, tags, forms, tables, frames, authoring">
The above code could be used to describe this document. A search engine may use the keywords to identify the document in a search and then display the description with the document title.

`<multicol> multiple columns`

Netscape 3. Used to display text in newspaper-style columns. This is a new tag and alternative methods suitable for other browsers are described in Special Procedures.

cols=number
Required to specify the number of columns used to display the text.
width=pixels|percent
As in the width attribute of <table>, this is used to specify the width of the entire set of columns in pixels or as a percentage of the browser window.
gutter=pixels
Specifies the amount of space between the columns in pixels.

<MULTICOL COLS=3 WIDTH=80% GUTTER=15> The Crate Application and Research Project was set up to promote crates in today's society. Modern attitudes to the crate have become somewhat jilted, especially since the sexual revolution of The Sixties. The Great British Red Crate used to be held in huge esteem by men and women from all classes. For instance, in the mid-Forties in Cheshunt, Hampshire, a crate was voted into the Office of Mayor for nearly three years running until meeting which a tragic accident involving a blowtorch. In 1951 the people of Bradninch, Devon, saw the first crate to be made a head schoolteacher. </MULTICOL>
The Crate Application and Research Project was set up to promote crates in today's society. Modern attitudes to the crate have become somewhat jilted, especially since the sexual revolution of The Sixties. The Great British Red Crate used to be held in huge esteem by men and women from all classes. For instance, in the mid-Forties in Cheshunt, Hampshire, a crate was voted into the Office of Mayor for nearly three years running until meeting which a tragic accident involving a blowtorch. In 1951 the people of Bradninch, Devon, saw the first crate to be made a head schoolteacher.